The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)

by Jeremy Reis on Saturday, August 02, 2008

The PMBOK, a formalized set of knowledge about project management, is published by the Project Management Institute (also the folks behind the PMP certification). The PMBOK is a process based approach to managing projects. The processes PMI documents in the PMBOK are:

  • Initiating: defines and authorizes the project (i.e. create project charter).
  • Planning: shapes the outcomes/goals for the project by knowledge area.
  • Executing: carries out project plans.
  • Controlling and Monitoring: assesses actual project outcomes to planned targets and makes corrective actions when necessary.
  • Closing: obtains a formal acceptance of the product/service by stakeholders and tapers out project activities in a planned, organized fashion.

The PMBOK defines nine knowledge areas, organized by their role in a project. The knowledge areas are separated into three groups: core knowledge areas, facilitating knowledge areas, and the coordination knowledge area. The knowledge areas are:

  • Core Knowledge Areas
    • Scope Management
    • Time Management
    • Cost Management
    • Quality Management
  • Facilitating Knowledge Areas
    • Communications Management
    • Human Resources Management
    • Risk Management
    • Procurement Management
  • Coordination Knowledge Area
    • Integration Management

If any one of the core knowledge areas is changed in a project, it could affect one of the three legs of the project stool: functionality, time, and cost. You cannot change one leg without affecting one of the other legs of the stool. This is known as the triple constraint - if you change the functionality of a project, it could increase the time and cost of the project. If you lower the cost, it could decrease the functionality. Changing any one leg will inevitably lead to a chance in at least one of the others. Some projects also include quality as a leg of the stool, making the model a quadruple constraint.

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