The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)
The PMBOK, a formalized set of knowledge about project management, is published by the Project Management Institute (also the folks behind the PMP certification). The PMBOK is a process based approach to managing projects. The processes PMI documents in the PMBOK are:
- Initiating: defines and authorizes the project (i.e. create project charter).
- Planning: shapes the outcomes/goals for the project by knowledge area.
- Executing: carries out project plans.
- Controlling and Monitoring: assesses actual project outcomes to planned targets and makes corrective actions when necessary.
- Closing: obtains a formal acceptance of the product/service by stakeholders and tapers out project activities in a planned, organized fashion.
The PMBOK defines nine knowledge areas, organized by their role in a project. The knowledge areas are separated into three groups: core knowledge areas, facilitating knowledge areas, and the coordination knowledge area. The knowledge areas are:
- Core Knowledge Areas
- Scope Management
- Time Management
- Cost Management
- Quality Management
- Facilitating Knowledge Areas
- Communications Management
- Human Resources Management
- Risk Management
- Procurement Management
- Coordination Knowledge Area
- Integration Management
If any one of the core knowledge areas is changed in a project, it could affect one of the three legs of the project stool: functionality, time, and cost. You cannot change one leg without affecting one of the other legs of the stool. This is known as the triple constraint - if you change the functionality of a project, it could increase the time and cost of the project. If you lower the cost, it could decrease the functionality. Changing any one leg will inevitably lead to a chance in at least one of the others. Some projects also include quality as a leg of the stool, making the model a quadruple constraint.
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